Shortly after we arrived at the village, they took
away our watches, our pocket-knives, and everything
that we possessed of a similar nature, and which they
considered as curiosities. The chief wore Orthis’ wristwatch
above one fore-paw and mine above the other, but
as he did not know how to wind them, nor the purpose
for which they were intended, they did him or us no good.
The result was, however, that it was now entirely impossible
for us to measure time in any way, and I do not
know, even to this day, how long we were in this strange
village. We ate when we were hungry, and slept when we
were tired. It was always daylight; and it seemed that
there were always raiding parties going out or returning,
so that flesh was plentiful, and we became rather reconciled
to our fate, in so far as the immediate danger of being
eaten was concerned, but why they kept us alive, as we had
slain so many of their fellows, I could not understand.
It must have been immediately after we arrived that they
made an attempt to teach us their language. Two females
were detailed for this duty. We were given unlimited freedom
within certain bounds, which were well indicated by
the several sentries which constantly watched from the summit
of hills surrounding the village. Past these we could
not go, nor do I know that we had any particular desire
to do so, since we realized only too well that there would
be little chance of our regaining the ship should we escape
the village, inasmuch as we had not the remotest idea in
what direction it lay.
Our one hope lay in learning their language, and then
utilizing our knowledge in acquiring some definite information
as to the surrounding country and the location of
The Barsoom.
It did not seem to take us very long to learn their tongue,
though, of course, I realize that it may really have been
months. Almost before we knew it, we were conversing
freely with our captors. When I say freely, it is possible
that I exaggerate a trifle, for though we could understand
them fairly well, it was with difficulty that we made ourselves
understood, yet we managed it some way, handicapped
as we were by the peculiarities of the most remarkable language
of which I have any knowledge.
It is a very difficult language to speak, and as a written
language, would be practically impossible. For example,
there is their word gu-e-ho, for which Orthis and I discovered
twenty-seven separate and distinct meanings, and
that there are others I have little or no doubt. Their speech
is more aptly described as song, the meaning of each syllable
being governed by the note in which it is sung. They speak
in five notes, which we may describe as A, B, C, D and E.
Gu sung in A means something radically different from gu
sung in E, and again if gu is sung in A, followed by e in G,
it means something other than if gu had been sung in D followed
by e in A.
Fortunately for us, there are no words of over three
syllables, and most of them consist of only one or two, or
we should have been entirely lost. The resulting speech,
however, is extremely beautiful, and Orthis used to say
that if he closed his eyes, he could imagine himself living
constantly in grand opera.
The chief’s name, as we learned, was Ga-va-go; the name
of the tribe or village was No-vans, while the race to which
they belonged was known as Va-gas.
When I felt that I had mastered the language sufficiently
well to make myself at least partially understood, I asked
to speak to Ga-va-go, and shortly thereafter, I was taken
to him.
“You have learned our speech?” he asked.
I nodded in the affirmative. “I have,” I said, “and I
have come to ask why we are held captives and what you
intend to do with us. We did not come to seek a quarrel
with you. We wish only to be friends, and to be allowed to
go our way in peace.”
“What manner of creature are you,” he asked, “and
where do you come from?”
I asked him if he had ever heard of the Sun or the stars
or the other planets or any worlds outside his own, and
he replied that he had not, and that there were no such
things.
“But there are, Ga-va-go,” I said, “and I and my companion
are from another world, far, far outside your own.
An accident brought us here. Give us back our weapons,
and let us go.”
He shook his head negatively.
“Where you come from, do you eat one another?” he
asked.
“No,” I replied, “we do not.”
“Why?” he asked, and I saw his eyes narrow as he
awaited my reply.
Was it mental telepathy or just luck that put the right
answer in my mouth, for somehow, intuitively, I seemed to
grasp what was in the creature’s mind.
“Our flesh is poison,” I said, “those who eat it die.”
He looked at me then for a long time, with an expression
upon his face which I could not interpret. It may have
been that he doubted my word, or again, it may have been
that my reply confirmed his suspicion, I do not know; but
presently he asked me another question.
“Are there many like you in the land where you live?”
“Millions upon millions,” I replied.
“And what do they eat?”
“They eat fruits and vegetables and the flesh of animals,”
I answered.
“What animals?” he asked.
“I have seen no animals here like them,” I replied, “but
there are many kinds unlike us, so that we do not have to
eat flesh of our own race.”
“Then you have all the flesh that you want?”
“All that we can eat,” I replied. “We raise these animals
for their flesh.”
“Where is your country?” he demanded. “Take me to
it.”
I smiled. “I cannot take you to it,” I said. “It is upon
another world.”
It was quite evident that he did not believe me, for he
scowled at me ferociously.
“Do you wish to die?” he demanded.
I told him that I had no such longing.
“Then you will lead me to your country,” he said, “where
there is plenty of flesh for everyone. You may think about
it until I send for you again. Go!” And thus he dismissed
me. Then he sent for Orthis, but what Orthis told him, I
never knew exactly, for he would not tell me, and as our
relations, even in our captivity, were far from friendly, I
did not urge him to any confidences. I had occasion to notice,
however, that from that time Ga-va-go indicated a
marked preference for Orthis, and the latter was often
called to his hut.
I was momentarily expecting to be summoned in to Ga-va-go’s
presence, and learn my fate, when he discovered
that I could not lead him to my country, where flesh was
so plentiful. But at about this time we broke camp, and
in the press of other matters, he evidently neglected to take
any further immediate action in my case, or at least, so I
thought, until I later had reason to suspect that he felt
that he need no longer depend upon me to lead him to this
land of milk and honey.
The Va-gas are a nomadic race, moving hither and
thither, either as they are pressed by some foes, or till their
victories have frightened away the other tribes from their
vicinity, in either of which events, they march in search of
fresh territory. The move that we made now was necessitated
by the fact that all the other tribes nearby had fled
before the ferocity of the No-vans, whose repeated and successful
raids had depleted the villages of their neighbors
and filled them with terror.
The breaking of camp was a wonderfully simple operation.
All their few belongings, consisting of extra clothing, trappings,
weapons, and their treasured skulls and bones of
victims, were strapped to the backs of the women. Orthis
and I each bestrode a warrior detailed by Ga-va-go for the
purpose of transporting us, and we filed out of the village,
leaving the huts behind.
Ga-va-go, with a half-dozen warriors, galloped far ahead.
Then came a strong detachment of warriors, with the women
folks behind them, another detachment of warriors following
in the rear of the women and children, while others
rode upon either flank. A mile or so in the rear, came
three warriors, and there were two or three scattered far
out on either flank. Thus we moved, thoroughly protected
against surprise, regulating our speed by that of the point
with which Ga-va-go traveled.
Because of the women and the children, we moved more
slowly than warriors do when on the march alone, when
they seldom, if ever, travel slower than a trot, and more
generally, at a fast gallop. We moved along a well-worn
trail, passing several deserted villages, from which the prey
of the No-vans had fled. We crossed many rivers, for the
lunar world is well watered. We skirted several lakes, and
at one point of high ground, I saw, far at our left, the
waters of what appeared to be a great ocean.
There was never a time when Orthis and I were not
plentifully supplied with food, for there is an abundance of
it growing throughout all the territory we crossed, but the
No-vans had been without flesh for several days and were,
in consequence, mad with hunger, as the fruits and vegetables
which they ate seemed not to satisfy them at all.
We were moving along at a brisk trot when, without
warning, we were struck by a sudden gust of wind that
swept, cold and refreshing, down from some icy mountain
fastness. The effect upon the No-vans was electrical.
I would not have had to understand their language to realize
that they were terrified. They looked apprehensively
about and increased their speed as though endeavoring to
overtake Ga-va-go, who was now far ahead with the point.
A moment later a dash of rain struck us, and then it was
every man for himself and the devil take the hindmost, as
they broke into a wild stampede to place themselves close to
their chief. Their hysterical flight was like the terrorized
rush of wild cattle. They jostled and tripped one another,
and stumbled and fell and were trampled upon, in their
haste to escape.
Old Ga-va-go had stopped with his point, and was waiting
for us. Those who accompanied him seemed equally terrified
with the rest, but evidently they did not dare run
until Ga-va-go gave the word. I think, however, that they
all felt safer when they were close to him, for they had a
great deal of confidence in him, yet they were still pretty
badly frightened, and it would not have taken much to
have set them off again into another rout. Ga-va-go waited
until the last of the rearguard straggled in, and then he set
off directly toward the mountains, the entire tribe moving
in a compact mass, though they might have fallen easy prey
to an ambush or any sudden attack. They knew, however,
what I half guessed, that knowing that their enemies were
as terrified of the storm as they, there was little danger of
their being attacked—none whatever, in fact.
We came at last to a hillside covered with great trees
which offered some protection from both the wind and the
rain, which had now arisen to the proportion of a hurricane.
As we came to a halt, I slipped from the back of the
warrior who had been carrying me, and found myself beside
one of the women who had taught Orthis and me the
language of the Va-gas.
“Why is everyone so terrified?” I asked her.
“It is Zo-al,” she whispered, fearfully. “He is angry.”
“Who is Zo-al?” I asked.
She looked at me in wide-eyed astonishment. “Who is
Zo-al!” she repeated. “They told me that you said that
you came from another world, and I can well believe it,
when you ask, who is Zo-al?”
“Well, who is he?” I insisted.
“He is a great beast,” she whispered. “He is everywhere.
He lives in all the great holes in the ground, and when he
is angry, he comes forth and makes the water fall and the
air run away. We know that there is no water up there,”
and she pointed toward the sky. “But when Zo-al is
angry, he makes water fall from where there is no water,
so mighty is Zo-al, and he makes the air to run away so
that the trees fall before it as it rushes past, and huts are
knocked flat or carried high above the ground. And then,
O terror of terrors, he makes a great noise, before which
mighty warriors fall upon the ground and cover up their
ears. We have angered Zo-al, and he is punishing us, and
I do not dare to ask him not to send the big noise.”
It was at that instant that there broke upon my ears the
most terrific detonation that I have ever heard. So terrific
was it that I thought my ear drums had burst, and simultaneously,
a great ball of fire seemed to come rolling down
from the mountain heights above us.
The woman, covering her ears, shuddered, and when she
saw the ball of fire, she voiced a piercing shriek.
“The light that devours!” she cried. “When that comes
too, it is the end, for then is Zo-al mad with rage.”
The ground shook to the terrifying noise, and though the
ball of fire did not pass close to us, still could I feel the
heat of it even as it went by at a distance, leaving a trail
of blackened and smoking vegetation in its rear. What
flames there were, the torrential rain extinguished almost
immediately. It must have traveled about ten miles, down
toward the sea, across rolling hills and level valleys, when
suddenly it burst, the explosion being followed by a report
infinitely louder than that which I had first heard. An
earthquake could scarce have agitated the ground more terrifyingly
than did this peal of lunar thunder.
I had witnessed my first lunar electrical storm, and I did
not wonder that the inhabitants of this strange world were
terrified by it. They attribute these storms, as they do all
their troubles, to Zo-al, a great beast, which is supposed to
dwell in the depth of the lunar craters, the lower ends of
which open into the interior lunar world. As we cowered
there among the trees, I wondered if they were not afraid
that the wind would blow the forest down and crush them,
and I asked the woman who stood beside me.
“Yes,” she said, “that often happens, but more often
does it happen that if one is caught in a clearing, the air
that runs away picks him up and carries him along to drop
him from a great height upon the hard ground. The trees
bend before they break, and those who watch are warned,
and they escape destruction if they are quick. When the
wind that runs seizes one, there is no escape.”
“It seems to me,” I said, “that it would have been safer
if Ga-va-go had led us into one of those sheltered ravines,”
and I indicated a gorge in the hillside at our right.
“No,” she said, “Ga-va-go is wise. He led us to the
safest spot. We are sheltered from the air that runs away,
and perhaps a little from the light that devours, nor can
the waters that drown, reach us here, for presently they
will fill that ravine full.”
Nor was she wrong. Rushing down from the hillside, the
water poured in torrents into the ravine, and presently,
though it must have been twenty or thirty feet deep, it was
filled almost to overflowing. Whoever had sought refuge
there, would have been drowned and washed away to the
big ocean far below. It was evident that Ga-va-go had
not been actuated solely by blind terror, though I came
to know that he must have felt terror, for these terrible
electrical storms alone can engender it in the breasts of
these fearless and ferocious people.
The storm must have lasted for a considerable time; how
long, of course, I do not know, but some idea of its duration
may be gained by the fact that I became hungry and
ate of the fruit of the trees, which sheltered us, at least
six times, and slept twice. We were soaked to the skin
and very cold, for the rain evidently came from a great
altitude. During the entire storm, the No-vans scarcely
moved from their positions beneath the trees, with their
backs toward the storm, where they stood with lowered
heads like cattle. We experienced twelve detonations of the
ground-shaking thunder, and witnessed six manifestations
of the light that devours. Trees had fallen all about us,
and as far as we could see, the grasses lay flat and matted
upon the ground. They told me that storms of the severity
of this were infrequent, though rain and wind, accompanied
by electrical manifestations, might be expected at any season
of the year—I use that expression from habit, for one
can scarcely say that there are any well-marked seasonal
changes within the Moon that could indicate corresponding
divisions of time as upon the Earth. From what I was
able to gather from observation and from questioning the
Va-gas, lunar vegetation reproduces itself entirely independent
of any seasonal restrictions, the frequency and temperature
of the rains having, seemingly, the greatest influence
in the matter. A period of drought and cold rains retards
growth and germination, while frequent warm rains have
an opposite effect, the result being that you find vegetation
of the same variety in all stages of development, growing
side by side—blossoms upon one tree, fruit upon another,
and the dry seed-pods upon a third. Not even, therefore,
by the growth of plant life, might one measure time within
the Moon, and the period of gestation among the Va-gas
is similarly irregular, being affected by the physical condition
of the female as well as by climatic conditions, I
imagine. When the tribe is well-fed, and the weather warm,
the warriors victorious, and the minds of the women at
peace, they bring forth their young in an incredibly short
period. On the other hand, a period of cold, or of hunger,
and of long marches, following defeat, induces an opposite
result. It seems to me that the females nurse their young
for a very short period of time, for they grow rapidly, and
as soon as their molars are through, and they can commence
eating meat, they are weaned. They are devilish
little rascals, their youthful exuberance finding its outlet in
acts of fiendish cruelty. As they are not strong enough to
inflict their tortures on adults they perpetrate them upon
one another, with the result that the weaker are often killed,
after they are weaned and have left the protection of their
savage mothers. Of course, they tried to play some of
their fiendish tricks on Orthis and myself, but after we had
knocked a few of them down, they left us severely alone.
During the storm, they huddled, shivering and cold,
against the adults. Possibly I should be ashamed to say it,
but I felt no pity for them, and rather prayed that they
would all be chilled to death, so hateful and wantonly cruel
were they. As they become adults, they are less wanton in
their atrocities, though no less cruel, their energies, however,
being intelligently directed upon the two vital interests
of their lives—procuring flesh and women.
Shortly after the rain ceased, the wind began to abate,
and as I was cold, cramped and uncomfortable, I walked
out into the open, in search of exercise that would stimulate
my circulation and warm me again. As I walked
briskly to and fro, looking here and there at the evidences
of the recent storm, my glance chanced to rise toward the
sky, and there I saw what appeared at first to be a huge
bird, a few hundred feet above the forest in which we had
sought shelter. It was flapping its great wings weakly and
seemed to be almost upon the verge of exhaustion, and
though I could see that it was attempting to fly back in
the direction of the mountains, the force of the wind was
steadily carrying it in the direction of the lowlands and the
sea. Presently it would be directly above me, and as it
drew nearer, I knit my brows in puzzlement, for except
for its wings, and what appeared to be a large hump upon
its back, its form bore a striking resemblance to that of a
human being.
Some of the No-vans evidently saw me looking upwards
thus interestedly, and prompted by curiosity, joined me.
When they saw the creature flying weakly overhead, they
set up a great noise, until presently all the tribe had run
into the open and were looking up at the thing above us.
The wind was lessening rapidly, but it still was strong
enough to carry the creature gently toward us, and at the
same time I perceived that whatever it was, it was falling
slowly to the ground, or more correctly, sinking slowly.
“What is it?” I asked of the warrior standing beside me.
“It is a U-ga,” he replied. “Now shall we eat.”
I had seen no birds in the lunar world, and as I knew
they would not eat the flying reptiles, I guessed that this
must be some species of bird life, but as it dropped closer,
I became more and more convinced that it was a winged
human being, or at least a winged creature with human
form.
As it fluttered toward the ground, the No-vans ran along
to meet it, waiting for it to fall within reach. As they did
so, Ga-va-go called to them to bring the creature to him alive
and unharmed.
I was about a hundred yards from the spot, when the
poor thing finally fell into their clutches. They dragged
it to the ground roughly, and a moment later I was horrified
to see them tear its wings from it and the hump from
its back. There was a great deal of grumbling at Ga-va-go’s
order, as following the storm and their long fast, the tribe
was ravenously hungry.
“Flesh, flesh!” they growled. “We are hungry. Give
us flesh!” But Ga-va-go paid no attention to them, standing
to one side beneath a tree, awaiting the prisoner that
they were bringing toward him.
